Example 1: The Rock Pocket Mouse1.Type of variation present in population and how it came about: Change in fur colour (dusty brown coloured mice to dark coloured mice). This was caused by a mutation of the MCR1 gene. 2. Environmental change: Different colouration of habitat due to a lava flow causing dark volcanic rock patches in a dusty brown desert 3. Result: The mice found on the dark volcanic rock was more likely of the dark furred variation. The mouse found in the dusty brown dessert were more likely to be of the lighter furred variation. 4. How it may lead to evolution of the species: Any light furred mice on the dark volcanic rock will face a higher selective pressure as they are less camouflaged than their dark furred counterpart and will therefore be predated on more frequently. This will lead to the dark furred mice surviving and a reproducing more often and therefore the allele containing the dark fur characteristic will become more common in the gene pool and more dark furred mice are observed. Example 2: Moth Colour www.peppermoths.weebly.com - has the game on
2. Type of variation present, when it occurred and how it came about
3. State the name given to this type of natural selection Industrial Melanism 4. Explain how the game demonstrates natural selection for dark moths In the game you are playing the role of the predator (a bird) which is the selection pressure for this example of natural selection. In them game you can choose to play on a light tree background or dark tree. Once you start moths of the two colourations begin to appear on the screen and you need to click on them with your mouse to 'eat' them. If you are playing on a black background then you are more likely to click on the highly contrasted white moths and vice versa. This simulates how selective pressure of predators can affect a population as they will tend to predate on the more visible moths. Example 3: Antibiotic Resistancewww.bbc.co.uk/news/health-36396663 www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-34857015 1. List the key reasons for the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in farm animals and hospitals. -Hospitals
2. What would need to happen to cause the actual 'antibiotic apocalypse'. In order for the 'antibiotic apocalypse' to happen there would need to be bacteria that were resistant to all strains of antibiotics. If this happens we would have bacterial infections that were effectively untreatable and would render antibiotics useless. If the resistance to all antibiotics spread across all bacteria that would be the 'antibiotic apocalypse'. 3. Until November, Colistin was the antibiotic of last resort, what has now been found with this antibiotic and why? Discuss how this may eventually pose a problem, for the world. In 2015 in China, bacterial infections with a resistance to the antibiotic Colistin was discovered. This is a problem since Colistin is generally used as an antibiotic of last resort when all other antibiotics have failed. If bacteria become resistant Colistin it means that we no longer have a secure backup to fight infections and that leaves even more people vulnerable to fatal diseases 4. State the name of the genetic mutation found in Colistin It is a mutation in the MCR-1 gene 5. What type of antibiotic is Colistin and what process/structure of the bacteria i killed by it and how. Colistin is a polymyxin A and affects gram negative bacteria. It is a bacteriostatic bacteria that targets the cell membrane of the gram negative bacteria and killls the bacteria by causing it to lyse 6. The mechanisms by which antibiotic resistance can spread between bacteria that are not necessarily the same species Resistance to bacteria can spread through bacteria populations through a process known as conjugation 7. Methods that could be used by farmers to prevent the rise of antibiotic resistance in bacteria in their animals.
8. How does antibiotic resistance spread in bacteria
0 Comments
Glycolysis: Is the breakdown of glucose and results in Pyruvate and ATP Krebs cycle: is the sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during the process of aerobic respiration. It takes place in the mitochondria, using up oxygen and producing carbon dioxide and water as waste products, and ADP is converted to energy-rich ATP. The step in the above diagram labeled the 'Kreb's Cycle' where the pyruvate made during glycolysis goes to acetyl CoA is known as the link reaction and that is expressed in more detail down below. As you can see during the link reaction Pyruvate is both reduced by NAD and decarbonized to become Acetyl CoA.
Aim: To model how a change in the environment can lead to a change in characteristics due to natural selection in a population over generations Method:
Relationship to how it would work in the natural world
Results: Analysis: As we can see from the graph the percentage of the rice granules that blended into their background (green) increased as more of the blue granules were picked out than the green ones. Opposite to this of course the more obvious blue granules stood out and therefore more were picked out and the percentage of blue granules decreased. A point was reached however where although there was a higher percentages of green granules to blue granules, there was no further change in the percentages This is a good example of natural selection and what would happen to a population of creatures where some have a characteristic that would make them more likely to survive, breed and pass on that positive characteristic. however an equilibrium will be reached and it is very unlikely that the organisms which have the less suited characteristic would die of completely they would just be a lot less common than the ones containing the useful characteristic and this is also shown in my experiment. Intro: Due to the extreme variation of conditions at different heights of a rocky shore, there is a huge difference in the distribution of certain species up the shore. We measured the species distribution using the ACFOR scale. Method:
Results: 1-Lower shore 2-Middle shore 3-Upper shore 4-Splash zone Result Analysis:
Weaknesses:
Aim: Use chromatography techniques to discover and compare the different photosynthetic pigments found within different species of intertidal seaweeds.
Apparatus:
Method:
Safety Precautions:
|
Jack BojanArdingly College Archives
March 2017
|